Based on what you have reported, the following concerns arise from the conduct of the hearing:
1. Apparent predisposition and impartiality concernsIt is deeply troubling that the judge volunteered that he "knew the car park well" and agreed with the solicitor representing the Claimant regarding the signage and site conditions. A judge’s personal familiarity with a location subject to dispute — especially when untested by evidence and based on personal experience — raises a real risk of apparent bias. The correct course for the judge would have been to recuse himself if he considered he could not be wholly objective. The test for apparent bias is whether a fair-minded and informed observer, having considered the facts, would conclude that there was a real possibility that the judge was biased (
Porter v Magill [2001] UKHL 67).
2. Failure to address the pleaded issuesYour witness statement raised cogent legal challenges regarding:
• The Claimant’s lack of standing to enforce parking terms (absence of landowner authority).
• Serious defects in the signage (including non-compliance with the IPC Code of Practice).
• The incoherent escalation of amounts demanded (£100 / £115 / £125 / £160).
• Procedural unfairness in the Claimant’s pleadings and conduct.
The Defendant is entitled under the Civil Procedure Rules (CPR) to have pleaded matters properly considered. The court is obliged by CPR 1.1 (Overriding Objective) to ensure that cases are dealt with fairly and justly. A failure to engage with key issues raised may amount to an error of law.
3. Weight attached to signage and contract formationWhile it is correct that a driver may enter a contract by parking and paying, it must still be a fair and lawful contract with adequate and transparent signage.
ParkingEye v Beavis [2015] UKSC 67 was predicated on very clear, prominent, and simple signage, unlike here where you evidenced small print, unreadable signs, and lack of entrance signage.
4. Possible grounds for appealThere appear to be arguable grounds that the judgment was unjust due to:
• Apparent bias or predisposition (familiarity with the car park and agreement with the solicitor without relying on evidence presented).
• A failure to consider critical issues properly (e.g., landowner authority, signage defects, contradictory amounts).
Breach of the Overriding Objective (CPR 1.1).
However, appealing a small claims judgment is not easy. Permission to appeal would be required, and the standard is whether the decision was wrong in law or unjust due to serious procedural irregularity (CPR 52.21). There is usually a 21-day deadline from the date of the hearing to apply for permission to appeal.
It is important to note that appeal courts are reluctant to interfere with a judge’s findings of fact unless there is clear evidence of material error or injustice.
Given the circumstances of the hearing and the potential concerns regarding apparent bias, procedural unfairness, and the dismissal of key arguments without proper consideration, I strongly recommend that you now seek formal legal advice.
In particular, I would suggest that you contact
Contestor Legal Services and ask to speak with Jackson Yamba. Jackson is a barrister with considerable experience in parking litigation and small claims appeals. He has successfully acted in several notable appellate cases, including
Scott Brennan v Premier Parking Solutions (2023) [H6DP632H],
Civil Enforcement v Ming Tak Chan (2023) [E7GM9W44],
CPM v Akande (2024) [K0DP5J30], and
VCS v Edward (2023) [HOKF6C9C]. He is particularly experienced in issues relating to procedural irregularities arising in parking claims.
Jackson will be well placed to advise you on:
1. Whether an appeal is realistically viable;
2. The prospects of obtaining permission to appeal;
3. The potential risks and costs associated with appealing;
4. Whether a formal complaint about the hearing procedure would also be appropriate.
He can assess your situation fully, including whether it is worth pursuing an appeal based on the judge's apparent predisposition and failure to address material issues. Given the strict 21-day deadline to apply for permission to appeal from the date of the judgment, I recommend you make contact without delay.
As a disclaimer, I have no connection with Contestor Legal Services but I do occasionally communicate with Jackson Yamba.