@b789, why do you think the term 'period of parking' cannot be construed as a moment in time when the nature of the contravention does not require proof of the breach to be anything other than the vehicle was in situ. From the PPC's perspective 1 second is the same as 30 minutes, but from the keeper's perspective a consideration period would apply.
The “period of parking” argument has been won at POPLA and at court several times. Unfortunately, I don’t have those POPLA appeals to hand at the moment.
Whilst not yet enacted, the incoming statutory Code of Practice defines "2.24 parking period" as:
"the length of time that a vehicle has been parked, i.e. left stationary otherwise than in the course of driving, after any relevant consideration period has expired (excluding instances where the driver has stopped to enable passengers to leave or enter the vehicle). This is not the period between a vehicle being recorded as entering and departing controlled land."
The following has been used successfully in the past:
“POFA paragraph 9(2)(a) says that a NTK must specify 'the period of parking to which the notice relates' The operator's purported NTK does not specify the period of parking to which the NTK relates as a period has a start and an end and the operator's purported NTK specifies only a single point in time. This failure alone renders the charge unenforceable against the keeper.”
The above, believe it or not, was for an IAS appeal and the following definition is what won it:
“Paragraph 16.1 of the IPC's Code of Practice says 'Where a Parking Charge is issued Notices must comply with the applicable requirements as set out in Schedule 3'. Schedule 3 echoes the POFA requirement for a period of parking to be specified in the NTK and refers to an example NTK in Appendix 5 where the following form of words is prescribed:
Period of Parking:
From: (Date and Time of entry)
To: (Date and Time of Exit)”
When I have time, I will try and find more cases. However, “period of parking” is a valid argument if presented properly as it is one more point to use in any appeal or defence to show non-compliance with the requirements of PoFA. Hence, the OP should not throw away the no keeper liability option as an appeal or defence argument by revealing the identity of the driver.