1) I appealed within the original deadline, and I'm positive I definitely wrote it. I use a grammar app that hates "I's", so maybe it wasn't written in first person. However, I never received any confirmation, so now I'm starting to doubt whether I appealed or not.
2) Can you explain PoFA and NtK?
3) I will go back to the site from the entry to the parking space to get pictures of the journey. not far from me.
4) For the email, whose email is this being sent from, the keeper or the driver (me)? And if I cc myself, doesn't that imply I'm the one driving?
5) What is the Letter of Claim (LoC)? What are the chances, and in which situations am I most likely to receive it?
6) All debt collectors' notices will be ignored.
To answer your questions:
1) Only the SAR response will confirm whether you identified the drive or not. If you're not sure, then we should work on the assumption that the driver is identified but without any further confirmation, just in case.
2) PoFA is the only legislation that allows a private parking operator to hold a registered keeper liable when they do not know who the driver was. That right only exists if the operator strictly complies with every mandatory condition set out in Schedule 4. If any one condition is not met, keeper liability does not arise.
One of those mandatory conditions is paragraph 9(2)(a). Parliament did not draft the Act to say that a Notice to Keeper must state observation times, photo times, or evidence timestamps. It specifically said the notice "
MUST specify the period of parking to which the notice relates". That wording is deliberate. Because PoFA allows an operator to pursue someone who may not have been the contracting party, Parliament required clarity and certainty about what parking period is actually being alleged.
This Notice to Keeper does not specify any period of parking. It merely lists “observation time(s)”. It does not say the vehicle was parked between those times, it does not say the vehicle was observed continuously, and it does not say those times represent the start and end of the parking period. Observation times are simply evidential moments when an attendant noted or photographed the vehicle. They are not, and are not described as, a "period of parking". A vehicle could have been parked before observation began and still parked after observation ended, or it may not have been parked throughout at all. That uncertainty is exactly what paragraph 9(2)(a) is designed to prevent.
To comply with PoFA, the operator only needed to clearly state the alleged period of parking on the face of the Notice to Keeper. For example, they could have said: “
The period of parking to which this notice relates was from [21:59] to [22:15]”, or “The vehicle was parked in breach of the terms from [21:59] to [22:15]”. Even if those times were based on attendant observations, the notice needed to explicitly identify them as the "period of parking" relied upon.
Because the operator did not do that, and instead relied on undefined “observation times”, the Notice to Keeper fails to meet the strict requirement of PoFA Schedule 4 paragraph 9(2)(a). As PoFA compliance is 100%
mandatory, liability cannot be transferred to the Keeper. The operator is therefore limited to pursuing the driver only and must be put to strict proof of driver identity. Which is why the driver must never be identified in private parking invoice cases.
4) Use your own email address. You are writing as the registered keeper.
The keeper is under no legal obligation to identify the driver, and the email address you use does not prove who was driving. It is simply a contact method. As long as you do not write anything that identifies the driver (no “I parked”, “I didn’t see the signs”, “when I returned to the car”, etc.), there is nothing about an email address that turns a keeper into the driver.
CCing yourself does not imply you were the driver either. People CC themselves for record-keeping all the time. It is no different in principle from keeping a copy of a posted letter. It does not evidence driving, it evidences that you sent an email and kept a copy.
The only thing that matters is the wording. Write strictly in the third person: “the driver”, “the vehicle”, “the operator”, “the site”. Do not describe the driver’s actions as your own, and do not use “I” in a way that could be read as “I was driving”. If you keep to that, your email address and CC are irrelevant.
5) A Letter of Claim (LoC) is a formal pre-court letter sent by a parking operator or, more commonly, their bulk litigation solicitors. It states that they intend to issue a county court claim if payment is not made within 30 days (not the usual 14 days in useless debt recovery letters) and should include reply forms and information required under the pre-action protocol. It is not a court claim and it does not affect your credit record. Nothing we advise on will affect your credit record, even if you were one of the 0.1% that were unsuccessful. It is simply the step that comes immediately before a claim
might be issued.
In this case, the operator is a relatively new entrant and this is the first PCN I have seen from them. New operators typically follow the same industry model as the established firms, including using bulk litigation solicitors if matters are escalated.
In practice, an LoC is very often just an extension of the debt recovery process rather than a genuine intention to go to trial. The legal language is used to intimidate recipients into paying out of fear or lack of understanding, not because the case is strong.
The reality is that the vast majority of private parking claims never reach a hearing. Many are struck out for procedural or legal defects, or more likely, discontinued once the defendant responds properly and demonstrates an understanding of the process. Of the extremely small number that do reach a hearing, defendants win a significant proportion of them.
The business model is not built around taking cases to trial. It relies on volume. The operator hopes that the recipient will either not respond at all (resulting in a default judgment) or will capitulate and pay. Once it becomes clear that the keeper or defendant is engaged, informed, and prepared to defend, the commercial incentive to pursue the claim usually falls away.