The Keeper should stop worrying. There is no Keeper liability in Scotland, for now.
While PoFA allows private parking companies in England and Wales to hold the registered keeper liable if the driver is not identified, this provision does not extend to Scotland.
The registered keeper in Scotland is not subject to PoFA keeper liability, even if the alleged contravention occurred in England.
Any claim would need to be pursued in England, as that is where the alleged contravention took place. However, for a registered keeper based in Scotland, the operator would have difficulty enforcing keeper liability unless they could establish jurisdiction in Scotland.
A claim against the keeper in a Scottish court would fail because PoFA does not apply there. In Scotland, private parking companies must pursue the driver directly. If the keeper does not disclose who was driving, there is no legal mechanism under PoFA for the operator to transfer liability to the keeper.
So, since PoFA does not apply in Scotland, a parking company cannot rely on it to hold a Scottish keeper liable for a charge incurred in England. The parking company must identify the driver to enforce the charge. If the keeper does not name the driver, they are not liable.
In other words, don’t tell ‘em your name Pike!
Easy one to deal with… as long as the
unknown drivers identity is not revealed. There is no legal obligation on the
known keeper (the recipient of the Notice to Keeper (NtK)) to reveal the identity of the
unknown driver and no inference or assumptions can be made.
The NtK is not compliant with all the requirements of PoFA which means that if the
unknown driver is not identified, they cannot transfer liability for the charge from the
unknown driver to the
known keeper.
Use the following as your appeal. No need to embellish or remove anything from it:
I am the keeper of the vehicle and I dispute your 'parking charge'. I deny any liability or contractual agreement and I will be making a complaint about your predatory conduct to your client landowner.
As the registered keeper resides in Scotland, the provisions of the Protection of Freedoms Act 2012 (PoFA) do not apply, and you are unable to hold the keeper liable for the charge. There will be no admission as to who was driving and no inference or assumptions can be drawn. ParkingEye has relied on contract law allegations of breach against the driver only.
Furthermore, you have breached Section 8.1.1(d) of the Private Parking Single Code of Practice (PPSCoP) by issuing a Notice to Keeper containing a PoFA warning when you know PoFA does not apply to a Scottish resident. Your notice falsely states that the keeper is liable, despite this being legally impossible.
The registered keeper cannot be presumed or inferred to have been the driver, nor pursued under some twisted interpretation of the law of agency. Your NtK can only hold the driver liable. ParkingEye have no hope at POPLA, so you are urged to save us both a complete waste of time and cancel the PCN.
Besides the appeal, there are several other things you should consider. Besides the fact that if ParkingEye reject the appeal, POPLA should uphold it because not only is the Keeper not liable, the PPSCoP has also been breached.
Section 8.1.1(d) of the PPSCoP states:
"The parking operator must not serve a notice which in its design and/or language states the keeper is liable under the Protection of Freedoms Act 2012 where they cannot be held liable."
ParkingEye obviously knows that PoFA does not apply to a Scottish resident, yet they have still included a PoFA warning in their NtK. This is a clear breach of the Code Of Practice.
POPLA has the authority to uphold an appeal on the basis that the PCN was issued incorrectly due to a breach of the Private Parking Single Code of Practice (PPSCoP). Since ParkingEye’s Notice to Keeper (NtK) falsely states that the keeper is liable under PoFA when they legally cannot be (PPSCoP Section 8.1.1(d)), this is strong grounds for POPLA to rule in favour of the keeper and order ParkingEye to cancel the charge.
This all leads to another issue. Once ParkingEye obtained the registered keeper's data from the DVLA and saw that the address was in Scotland, they should have immediately realised that PoFA does not apply and acted accordingly. Their failure to do so is a breach of the PPSCoP and potentially a misuse of personal data under UK GDPR.
By breaching the Private Parking Single Code of Practice (PPSCoP), ParkingEye has also breached the DVLA’s Keeper at Date of Event (KADOE) contract, and a formal complaint should be made to the DVLA.
The KADOE Contract Requires Operators to Adhere to the PPSCoP. Under the KADOE agreement, private parking operators
must comply with the PPSCoP. ParkingEye has breached the PPSCoP by issuing a Notice to Keeper (NtK) containing a PoFA warning when PoFA does not apply to a Scottish keeper (PPSCoP Section 8.1.1(d)). This means they are in breach of their KADOE contract with the DVLA.
The DVLA provides keeper data on the condition that it is
only used for a ‘reasonable cause’—such as enforcing unpaid parking charges in compliance with the applicable laws and Codes of Practice. Since PoFA cannot apply to a Scottish keeper, ParkingEye had no reasonable cause to issue an NtK implying keeper liability under PoFA. By knowingly issuing a non-compliant NtK, ParkingEye has used DVLA data improperly, which is a direct breach of their KADOE agreement.
If a parking company is found to have breached the KADOE agreement, the DVLA has the power to issue sanctions (such as warnings or suspensions), temporarily suspend their access to DVLA data and In serious cases, permanently revoke access, meaning they can no longer obtain keeper details for enforcement.
So, are you prepared to send a formal complaint to the DVLA? Happy to assist.