Author Topic: HX Car Park Management, Willow Brook Centre in Bradley Stoke, overstay in 10 minute spot  (Read 6456 times)

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Never argue with stupid people. They will drag you down to their level and then beat you with experience” - Mark Twain

• CNBC confirmation that your Defence was served.
• The PoC page (highlight the absence of a cause of action).

Thanks again.  Do these need serving with the WS?

Also, how are you getting hold of these court transcripts?  I can't find a single one of them.  If you have them to hand they would be very much appreciated.

• ParkingEye Ltd v Beavis [2015] UKSC 67
• J Spurling Ltd v Bradshaw [1956] 1 WLR 461 (CA)
• Interfoto Picture Library Ltd v Stiletto Visual Programmes Ltd [1989] QB 433 (CA)
« Last Edit: September 17, 2025, 09:48:26 am by deficitlondon »

For the "persuasive" county court appellate case law, I have copies of the commonly used cases and I provide them from my DropBox account. For the "binding" cases tha are published, you can use the Bailii website.

Here is the link to the Spurling Ltd v Bradshaw case:

https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/1956/3.html

Spurling v Bradshaw says that the harsher or more unusual a term is, the louder you must shout about it to make it part of the deal. Denning LJ’s “red hand rule” means a hefty charge for breach can’t be tucked away in small print; it must be clearly and prominently brought to the customer’s attention before the contract is formed. So if the claimant didn’t make any charge/penalty obvious at the point of contracting (e.g., on clear, prominent signage), that term was never incorporated and they can’t rely on it.

For Interfoto Picture Library Ltd v Stiletto Visual Programmes Ltd

https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/1987/6.html

Interfoto says that if a contract hides an unusually harsh term (like a very high fee), the party relying on it must give clear, upfront notice before the deal is made. In that case, a steep “holding fee” was buried on a delivery note; the court said it wasn’t incorporated and only allowed a reasonable sum for actual loss. Relevance: if the claimant didn’t clearly and prominently flag any penalty/charge at the point of contracting, Interfoto supports that the clause isn’t part of the bargain; at best they may recover a reasonable loss, not a concealed penalty.
Never argue with stupid people. They will drag you down to their level and then beat you with experience” - Mark Twain
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Beavis/Spurling/Interfoto: no need to serve with the WS; either bring 1–2 page extracts on the day or email them shortly before the hearing.

Brennan (unreported county court appeal): do serve the transcript (with paras 27–28 highlighted) by the evidence deadline (with your WS or as a short “authorities (extracts)” PDF) so the judge has it. If you already filed it with the Defence, it’s still sensible to re-serve it with your WS or just before the hearing for ease.
Never argue with stupid people. They will drag you down to their level and then beat you with experience” - Mark Twain
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Bailii website.

Excellent resource, thanks.

When looking at the Beavis transcript, the paragraph numbers do not seem to match your suggestions.  Please are you able to confirm that I have included the correct ones in my Authorities document?  It would be helpful if you could check this for all 3 cases.

https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/ghf98k73ivw94l25zb7oo/AUTHORITIES-CASE-CITATIONS.docx?rlkey=aeqkyw76fbvc7xfqdakkqb1e3&st=1e9013ua&dl=0

Here is the Beavis transcript I am referring to, it is the only reference to this case I could find on the Bailii site.

https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/2015/402.html

Here is the Beavis transcript I am referring to, it is the only reference to this case I could find on the Bailii site.

https://www.bailii.org/ew/cases/EWCA/Civ/2015/402.html
That's one of the appeals, you need the Supreme Court judgement:

https://www.bailii.org/uk/cases/UKSC/2015/67.html


They should do. However, you may want to read those extracts and just highlight the significant bits within them.

Also, use the court header info for the document and number each page so you can refer to them if necessary.
Never argue with stupid people. They will drag you down to their level and then beat you with experience” - Mark Twain
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What makes it work on the day is the top-line threshold point first: “No pleaded cause of action (CPR 16.4(1)(a)) → nothing to answer → strike-out/dismiss.”

Confined to pleadings: “WS cannot amend/cure PoC; ambush material (e.g. alleged breach details) must be ignored”.

Non-attendance & hearsay: “Lawyer-authored hearsay from a non-attending paralegal → very little weight”.

Looks like this going to court, unless there is a very late discontinuance, which I can't see happening as I imagine the claimant will just leave it now to see if I **** up by failing to turn up to court or if indeed just take a chance on the judge ruling in their favour.

So I wonder if anyone has any tips on how I need to argue this in court if the judge wants to probe it a bit.  Obviously I wont lie, if they ask if I parked it there I'll say yes I did and due to unclear signage I didn't know I was on such a time limit but now i do know I won't park there again.

What if the judge decides they do want to dig into the claimant's witness statement and starts firing questions at me?

The judge is not there to probe you. Their job is to decide, on the balance of probabilities, whether the claimant has proved a debt. The claimant carries the burden of proof. If the Particulars of Claim plead no cause of action, there is nothing to answer and a witness statement cannot cure the defect.

I have just gone back through your case. Gladstone's have made a very serious admission that the person conducting the litigation is not a regulated person who is authorised to do so. This is a breach of the Legal Services Act 2007 (LSA) and is a criminal offence.

Gemma Hankin, the legal assistant that made the WS for the claimant has stated, under a Statement of Truth, as follows:

Quote
I, Gemma Hankin of Gladstones Solicitors Limited, Unit B, 210, Cygnet Court, Centre Park, Warrington,
WAI IPP, will say as follows;

INTRODUCTION

1 . I am a Legal Assistant, in the employment of Gladstones Solicitors Limited, who act for the
Claimant in this matter. I have conduct of this action, subject to the supervision of my principal.
The matters to which I refer within this witness statement are within my own knowledge, or based
on information provided to me by my client within the course of my instruction, save where
expressly stated to the contrary. I am duly authorised by the Claimant to make this statement on
their behalf

A) What to keep in mind

Your win still turns on: no pleaded cause of action; WS cannot cure; non-attendance → limited weight. Don’t let this issue distract from that.

Use the “conduct of litigation” point to (1) demand clarity now, (2) challenge any unauthorised advocate on the day, and (3) support 27.14(2)(g) costs for unreasonable conduct.

B) Email to Gladstones now (copy/paste and fill brackets)

Quote
Subject: M4GF9310 – Conduct of litigation and rights of audience

Dear Sirs,

Claim: HX Car Park Management Ltd v George Linnane (M4GF9310)

Hearing: [date], Bristol County Court

Your witness statement signed by Ms Gemma Hankin (“Legal Assistant”) states, under a Statement of Truth, that she “has conduct of this action”, subject to supervision.

Conduct of litigation is a reserved legal activity under the Legal Services Act 2007 (s.12, Sch.2). Only an authorised person (or a person lawfully exempt) may carry out reserved legal activities. Supervision does not confer authorisation.

By 4pm on [date – 3 working days from now], confirm:
(a) Whether Ms Hankin is an authorised person entitled to conduct litigation, with regulator and authorisation number; or
(b) If she is not authorised, the specific statutory exemption relied upon permitting her to conduct litigation; and
(c) The name and SRA number of the supervising solicitor who in fact has conduct of this action, with confirmation that all reserved activities have been and will be carried out only by an authorised or lawfully exempt person.

Also confirm the identity and status of any representative who will appear at the hearing and that they will have rights of audience. If an agency advocate is instructed, provide their name and basis of audience no later than 48 hours before the hearing.

Failing satisfactory confirmation, I will (i) place this correspondence before the Court on issues of propriety and weight; and (ii) refer the matter to the SRA on the basis of unauthorised reserved legal activities contrary to the Legal Services Act 2007 (including s.14).

Yours faithfully,

[Name]
Defendant

For the court on the day, bring this ½ page note (make 3 copies, 1 for the judge, 1 for the claimants rep and 1 for yourself)

Quote
Claim No: M4GF9310 – Note on conduct of litigation

The claimant’s WS (Gemma Hankin, Legal Assistant) states she “has conduct of this action” and signs under a Statement of Truth. Conduct of litigation is a reserved activity (Legal Services Act 2007, s.12 & Sch.2). A non-authorised employee cannot conduct litigation merely by being supervised; see Mazur & Anor v Charles Russell Speechlys LLP [2025] EWHC 2341 (KB).

I do not seek to expand my case; the dispositive point remains: the Particulars of Claim plead no cause of action and the claimant seeks to cure via witness evidence.

I invite strike out or dismissal. Under CEA 1995 s.4, the claimant’s non-attending legal assistant’s witness statement is hearsay; it was prepared for litigation long after the event, the maker is not available for cross-examination, and there are reliability concerns. It also fails to comply with PD32 (including the first-person and source-identification requirements at paras 17–18). It should therefore carry little, if any, weight.

I also seek costs, including under CPR 27.14(2)(g) for unreasonable conduct.
Never argue with stupid people. They will drag you down to their level and then beat you with experience” - Mark Twain

Use the “conduct of litigation” point to (1) demand clarity now, (2) challenge any unauthorised advocate on the day, and (3) support 27.14(2)(g) costs for unreasonable conduct.

B) Email to Gladstones now (copy/paste and fill brackets)

I was not monitoring over the weekend.  I have done this this morning, by changing it to demand clarity by 4pm tomorrow, which is the day before the hearing.  Bearing in mind they have just entered a skeleton argument today.

Do I need a transcript of Mazur & Anor v Charles Russell Speechlys LLP [2025] EWHC 2341 with me on the day and are you able to point out the specific section(s) of it that I need to highlight for the court?

Any further thoughts in light of the below, which the Claimant has just served this morning?  One thing to note is that they say I am inconsistent because I denied being the driver but have given an account of events.  Neither of those things are true, I've never denied being the driver, just never admitted it, and I have not given an account of events I have merely pointed out that there is not a valid claim.
https://www.dropbox.com/scl/fi/szlnxmz6zrest4tasovex/Claimant-Skeleton-Argument.pdf?rlkey=dji0vfn5tw4v3e3kz2njg8ke5&st=wbfpu3yw&dl=0
« Last Edit: October 13, 2025, 11:52:31 am by deficitlondon »

What you can usually hand up on the day (small-claims, judge’s discretion):
• Hearing note (1 page) – submissions, not evidence.
• Authorities extracts (1–2 pages) – submissions, not evidence.
• Costs schedule (1 page) – routinely accepted at the end.
• Clean copies of documents already filed/served (PoC, Defence, their 27.9 letter, their WS/skeleton).

What to take tomorrow (lean, paper-clip, 2–3 copies):
1. Your Defence and your WS.
2. PoC page (with the missing cause of action highlighted).
3. Claimant’s WS, their CPR 27.9 non-attendance letter, and their skeleton.
4. One-page hearing note (the threshold point + costs ask).
5. One-page costs schedule (fixed items; add 27.14(2)(g) one-liner).
6. Authorities extracts (optional, very short):
CEA 1995 s.4 (whole section, 1 page).
PD32 paras 17–18 (1 page).
Brennan paras 27–28 (PoFA “period of parking”), Chan/Akande short extracts, and a single page from Mazur (supervision ≠ authorisation). If you can’t print: skip—these are supporting, not essential.

How to use that in court:
• Opening (20s):
PoC plead no cause of action. Parties are confined to pleadings. The claimant tries to cure via WS/skeleton and isn’t attending; that is paralegal-compiled hearsay of limited weight (CEA s.4; PD32). I invite strike-out/dismissal. Costs: fixed + 27.14(2)(g).
• If asked factual questions, answer briefly, then pivot back to the pleading defect.
• If the judge asks for the law, hand up your single-page extracts.
• If anyone turns up who isn’t clearly authorised, ask them to confirm rights of audience at the outset.
« Last Edit: October 13, 2025, 05:29:52 pm by b789 »
Never argue with stupid people. They will drag you down to their level and then beat you with experience” - Mark Twain

Case dismissed, many thanks once again for the help, especially @b789.

£111 costs awarded (£95 for the time off work plus small amounts for parking and mileage, less than a tenner each).  He did not award the litigant-in-person time as he did not feel the parking company were unfair in bringing the claim and also didnt find that they had abused the process or broken rules.

The judge was pleasant and in my opinion was looking for a valid reason to dismiss it.  Luckily, he found one.   I also think the fact I showed up and the other side didn't probably looked good and set a decent impression from the start.  I think he also appreciated the concise and clearly set out arguments, big thanks to @b789 for those.

The judge picked out the point in my witness statement about the "period of parking" needing a clearly stated beginning and end time, therefore not PoFA compliant.  In other words, the judge effectively upheld my appeal that was bounced out of the kangaroo court that is the IAS.

Some important points to note.  I asked the judge, after he had made his judgement, if he felt there was merit in the defective PoC argument, and he said he wouldn't have been inclined to strike out the claim on the basis given in my Defence + WS, given that there is a character limit on the PoC box on the MCOL form and the fact I clearly understood what the case was because I had been able to appeal in a very lucid manner to the IAS.  I was a little surprised by this as the explanation he gave disagreed directly with the findings in Chan and Akande.  I wasn't going to start arguing this as I had already won ;D

He also said that he was not inclined to throw out the WS on grounds of no LSA 2007 authority/exemption.  He said that it was acceptable for such people to write witness statements etc as long as they are not the ones signing of the actual claims forms etc.  He did acknowledge however that he would take into consideration the "weighting" of the evidence, i.e. the fact that the person writing their witness statement was not "there" whereas I was, and the fact that I bothered to turn up and could questioned further on my evidence whereas they did not turn up to the hearing.

I'm glad that I didn't just rely on technical and abuse of process points because, in the end, despite there being multiple technical arguments made,  I won this case based on good old fashioned failure of the parking company to comply with PoFA when they compiled the NTK.

He also said that they see a lot of parking claims come through their court and the parking companies win a lot of them (he didn't say "most", he said "a lot").  I'm not sure what the reasons for that are, it might be that a lot of the ones that lose are winnable but are poorly argued, or it might be that a lot of them are not winnable.  I wouldn't like to speculate but I would urge people who intend to appeal and perhaps fight a private parking claim to post the details on this forum ASAP and get advice on what your winning points may be BEFORE the discount period elapses.  At least that way, if you are not convinced yours is a winner or decide you don't have the stomach to take this all the way to court and perhaps lose £250, then at least you can pay the discounted £40-60 rather than the inflated £70-100.  I have fought 80% of my parking tickets using advice from these forums and have not lost one yet, but I have paid 20% of them (2 private, 1 council) because I either didn't have the mental and nervous capacity for a fight at that time (due to life events) or, in the case of the council one, because it would have been hard to win.  Pick your battles but equally don't be afraid to fight back and you don't have to accept being bullied by these vultures.
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Thank you for the court report/feedback. I would beg to differ with your point that this was not won on a technical point. PoFA failure is a technical point and it worked.

Every judge has their own views on different persuasive cases. As they are not 'binding' because they are not appellate decisions form a higher court, they are not obliged to be 'persuaded' by them. It's what we call 'Judge Bingo'. Some are very good and understand the way these firms take advantage of the judicial system and flood it with claims. Others are well aware of their methods and attempted abuse of the system.

In this case and any filed by Gladstone's, they never comply with CPR 16.4(1)(a). If you read their PoC, there is not even a mention of a cause of action. Never mind. The main take from this is that you won your case. Of the few that ever get as far as an actual hearing in front of a judge, most are won.
« Last Edit: October 15, 2025, 04:13:35 pm by b789 »
Never argue with stupid people. They will drag you down to their level and then beat you with experience” - Mark Twain

Fair point regarding "technical points".  I meant (but didnt articulate) that when I said that I was thinking of the technical points relating to the process of the claim itself, i.e. defective PoC, attempting to cure by WS, etc.

I agree with you on the PoC.  The deficiencies are identical to Chan and Akande and I was surprised that he just cut straight through that argument and dismissed it.

Thanks again and all the best.
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