Are there any / many cases of successful rebuttal of presumption on record?
None would be on record because they are heard in Magistrates' Courts, which are not "courts of record".
Anecdotally very few succeed.
The pragmatic approach would be to respond to the s172 request and accept the offer of a course which will almost certainly be made (provided you have not done one in the last three years).
If you defend the speeding charge on the basis that no NIP was served within 14 days, the cost of failure is high. You will pay a fine of half a week's net income, a "victim surcharge" of 40% of the fine, and prosecution costs which will be in the region of
£90 £650.
You can mention the late NIP to the police but they will certainly not simply take your word for it. They will have the matter heard in court. You must therefore be careful in your response that you do not give them the impression that you will not accept an out-of-court disposal. If they get that notion they may not make such an offer.