Ah... the VCS scam at LJLA (and other regional airports) strikes again. If you follow the advice given here, you will not be paying a penny to the bottom-dwelling, ex-clampers VCS.
Know your rights... LJLA is land that is under statutory control (airport byelaws). As such, PoFA 2012 does not apply as the land is not relevant to it. As VCS are an unregulated private company, you are under no legal obligation to identify the driver to them. Only the driver can be liable for a charge, assuming it is legitimate in the first place, and it definitely isn't in this case.
So, consider this... VCS have no idea who the driver is. They are not allowed to infer or even assume that the Keeper must also be the driver (they will anyway) and that is a fact in persuasive appellate case law such as
VCS v Edward (2023) [HOKF6C9C] and others and as long as the Keeper does not identify the driver, inadvertently or otherwise, then they have no hope of winning this battle, especially if it ever went as far as a county court hearing (likely, but that is a good thing).
So, in law, they are in a Catch-22 situation. They cannot sue the Keeper because there is no Keeper liability and they cannot sue the driver because they have no idea who that is.
There are additional matters that are in your favour. For example, the Parking Charge Notice (PCN) is simply a speculative invoice for an alleged breach of contract by the driver. However, no contract could ever have been formed (by conduct) because for a contract to exist, there must be three elements. There must be an 'offer', 'acceptance' and 'consideration'. The signage at LJLA makes no 'offer' whatsoever. The signs are all prohibitive. A prohibitive sign cannot offer anything and therefore a contract cannot be formed.
There's more... VCS have stated in the NtK that you are liable as the Keeper if they don't identify the driver. That is a breach of the BPA/IPC Private Parking Code of Conduct (PPSCoP) where it states in section 8.1.2(d):
"The parking operator must not serve a notice which in its design and/or language: state the keeper is liable under the Protection of Freedoms Act 2012 where they cannot be held liable."
As I already pointed out to you, LJLA is land that is under statutory control and as such it is not relevant land for the purposes of PoFA. By stating on their NtK that you are liable for the charge if they cannot identify the driver, they have breached this part of the Code. Having breached the PPSCoP, they are therefore in breach of their KADOE contract with the DVLA which means that they have used your data that they received from the DVLA unlawfully.
There are other issues such as had the location been relevant land, the NtK does not specify a period of parking which is a breach of PoFA paragraph 9(2)(a), but that des not matter where the fact is that PoFA does not apply anyway. Also, the driver cannot be responsible for an adult opening the car door while they are stationary and that person getting into it.
So, this is how it is likely to play out if you follow the advice... You make an appeal to VCS which will always be rejected. VCS are IPC members and so a secondary appeal is likely to be a waste of time but some o n here would advise you to try anyway, as it's free. You would only have to post out that as the Keeper, you decline to identify the driver, as is your right, and because the location of not relevant land for the purposes of PoFA, there can be no Keeper liability. In other words, they can go get stuffed as there is nowhere for them to go.
However, whilst there is a less than 4% chance of an IAS appeal being successful, this would all then go through the time wasting process of ignoring all debt recovery letters. Whilst appearing to be scary, debt collectors are powerless to actually do anything. They are not a party to any contract allegedly breached by the driver and their some purpose is to scare the low-hanging fruit on the gullible tree into lying up out of ignorance and fear. Never, ever, communicate with useless debt collector. Ignore them.
Eventually, VCS will issue a county court claim and it is very easily defended. It will never get as far as a hearing as the claim will either be struck out or discontinued. That is a grater than 99% certainty.
So, the advice for now, is to send the following as your initial appeal, only as the Keeper to VCS:
I am the registered keeper. VCS cannot hold a registered keeper liable for any alleged contravention on land that is under statutory control. As a matter of fact and law, VCS will be well aware that they cannot use the PoFA provisions because Liverpool John Lennon Airport (LJLA) is not 'relevant land'.
If LJLA wanted to hold owners or keepers liable under Airport Bylaws, that would be within the landowner's gift and another matter entirely. However, not only is that not pleaded, it is also not legally possible because VCS is not the Airport owner and your 'parking charge' is not and never attempts to be a penalty. It is created for VCS's own profit (as opposed to a bylaws penalty that goes to the public purse) and VCS has relied on contract law allegations of breach against the driver only.
The registered keeper cannot be presumed or inferred to have been the driver, nor pursued under some twisted interpretation of the law of agency. Your NtK can only hold the driver liable. VCS have no hope should you attempt to progress this all the way to litigation, so you are urged to save us both a complete waste of time and cancel the PCN.
I do suggest you issue a formal complaint to the DVLA in the meantime. Your complaint is the VCS are in breach of their KADOE contract because they have issued an NtK that claims Keeper liability when there can be none because the location is not relevant land for the purposes of PoFA as LJLA is land that is under statutory control. Mention the fact that they are in breach of the PPSCoP section 8.1.2(d) and quote it as I have done earlier. You can submit your DVLA complaint online in a few minutes.
Come back when you receive the initial VCS appeal rejection.