Free Traffic Legal Advice

Live cases legal advice => Private parking tickets => Topic started by: Kharas1 on April 29, 2025, 02:26:18 pm

Title: Re: Parking Eye - disputing that a notice was issued under PoFA 2012.
Post by: Kharas1 on July 30, 2025, 10:58:34 am
Thank you - complaint submitted as above.
I’ll update idc.
Title: Re: Parking Eye - disputing that a notice was issued under PoFA 2012.
Post by: b789 on July 24, 2025, 11:16:37 am
I would include the issue with an illegible contract but reword it. I suggest the following for your email to the Lead Assessor of POPLA:

Quote
Subject: Formal Complaint – POPLA Decision by Assessor Ellie Appleton (Ref: [Insert Reference])

To the Lead Adjudicator,

I am submitting a formal complaint regarding the decision issued by Assessor Ellie Appleton in my appeal against Parkingeye Ltd. The decision is legally defective and procedurally flawed to such a fundamental degree that it raises serious concerns about either the assessor’s competence or an institutional bias in favour of operators.

I understand POPLA operates a single-stage process and does not reverse decisions. Nonetheless, I require a written response to this complaint for the record, as I intend to rely on it in future proceedings and/or regulatory complaints.

Core Legal Failure

In the operator’s evidence pack, they explicitly confirm that the PCN was not issued under the Protection of Freedoms Act 2012 (PoFA). Therefore, they cannot rely on Schedule 4 of PoFA to transfer liability to the registered keeper.

This critical fact was deliberately omitted from earlier correspondence by the operator — a cynical tactic designed to pressure the keeper into payment under false pretences. It only became apparent upon disclosure of the evidence pack.

As the appeal was submitted by the registered keeper, and the operator does not know the identity of the driver, there is no lawful basis for liability. The keeper is under no legal obligation to identify the driver, and PoFA cannot be applied retroactively or by implication.

Despite this, the assessor concluded:

In this case, the PCN in question has the necessary information and the parking operator has therefore successfully transferred the liability onto the registered keeper and I am satisfied that the operator has complied with PoFA.

This statement is legally incoherent. If PoFA is not invoked, it cannot be complied with. The presence of PoFA-like wording in a notice that is not issued under PoFA is irrelevant. Liability cannot be transferred without the statutory framework being applied.
The assessor’s conclusion reflects a fundamental misunderstanding of the legal principles involved. It is deeply concerning that POPLA entrusts adjudication to individuals who demonstrate such a lack of competence in applying basic statutory interpretation.

Procedural Failure – Landowner Authority

The operator’s evidence pack included a copy of the landowner contract that was illegible and incapable of being meaningfully reviewed. Despite this, the assessor failed to dismiss the evidence or uphold the appeal on the basis that the operator had not demonstrated landowner authority.

POPLA’s role is to assess the sufficiency of the evidence submitted. Where the operator fails to provide legible or probative documentation, the correct adjudicative response is to reject that evidence and uphold the appeal. The failure to do so reflects a further breakdown in procedural integrity.

Summary of Failures

• The operator confirmed the PCN was not issued under PoFA.
• The appeal was submitted by the registered keeper, who cannot be held liable without PoFA.
• The assessor ignored this and wrongly applied PoFA to justify an adverse decision.
• The operator’s landowner contract was illegible, yet the assessor failed to dismiss it as insufficient.

I request that the Lead Adjudicator reviews this complaint and confirms whether these failures are acknowledged and whether any internal action will be taken to address the assessor’s conduct.

While I do not expect the decision to be reversed — POPLA’s institutional bias is well documented — this decision so fundamentally misapplies the law that I will be relying on it in future proceedings. The claim will be rigorously defended, and this complaint will form part of the record.

Yours sincerely,

[Your Name]
Title: Re: Parking Eye - disputing that a notice was issued under PoFA 2012.
Post by: Kharas1 on July 23, 2025, 10:30:58 pm
Thank you, good thought, I’ll do that on the final draft
Title: Re: Parking Eye - disputing that a notice was issued under PoFA 2012.
Post by: DWMB2 on July 23, 2025, 10:05:28 pm
As part of the appeal process I also contacted POPLA by email to ask you to seek a legible copy of the Landowner contract. Your response says that you are unable to request the operator resend the evidence again (email 1/5/25 from Kayleigh). Why is this?
I'd leave this out personally, as it arguably distracts from the main focus (no pun intended) of your complaint. The role of POPLA is to assess appeals based on the evidence submitted. It is not their role to contact either party to request they provide better quality evidence, if the evidence provided doesn't support that party's case.

If the contract was illegible, the correct response from them would have been to uphold your appeal on the basis of the evidence provided being insufficient to establish landowner authority, not to request further evidence from ParkingEye.

Title: Re: Parking Eye - disputing that a notice was issued under PoFA 2012.
Post by: Kharas1 on July 23, 2025, 09:40:03 pm
Proposed complaint to POPLA - any comments or thoughts welcome


Subject: Formal Complaint – POPLA Decision by Assessor Ellie Appleton (Ref: …….. )

To the Lead Adjudicator,

I am submitting a formal complaint regarding the decision issued by Assessor Ellie Appleton in my appeal against Parkingeye Ltd. The decision is legally defective and procedurally flawed to such a fundamental standard that I am struggling to understand whether this is staggering incompetence or just a desperate desire to find in the operators favour, simply ignoring the law and procedure to enable her to do so.

I understand POPLA operates a single-stage process and does not reverse decisions, but I require a written response to this complaint for the record, as I intend to rely on it in future proceedings and/or complaint processes.

In their evidence pack to POPLA the operator confirmed that the PCN was not issued under the PoFA 2012 and therefore it cannot be seeking to transfer liability to the RK.

This was not known by the RK until the evidence pack was made available as the operator deliberately and cynically omitted this information from earlier correspondence as part of their bullying tactics to force payment.

Therefore the brief commentary on the evidence pack focuses on this issue as the earlier comments around the notice not being PoFA compliant became irrelevant as the operator is not seeking to apply that legislation to transfer liability to the RK.

The operator does not know who the driver is and as RK I have declined to provide this information as I have no legal requirement to do so.

All of the correspondence has been by the RK, appealing as such.

Astonishingly, your assessor then concludes; - “in this case, the PCN in question has the necessary information and the parking operator has therefore successfully transferred the liability onto the registered keeper and I am satisfied that the operator has complied with PoFA.”

At best this is just a mindless and incompetent cut and paste exercise on her part?

So in summary;-
1. The operator says it is not seeking to apply PoFA to transfer liability to the RK.
2. This appeal process has always been by the RK who cannot therefore be liable.
3. Although by any competent and just interpretation the appeal should have been successful, your assessor decides that it is actually unsuccessful.

As part of the appeal process I also contacted POPLA by email to ask you to seek a legible copy of the Landowner contract. Your response says that you are unable to request the operator resend the evidence again (email 1/5/25 from Kayleigh). Why is this? I can only assume it is a further example of your desperate desire not to inconvenience the operator, namely the hand that feeds and to whom you are so obviously subservient.

Kayleigh’s claim that the evidence is simply out of focus is just a lie, I tried to access it with high quality/resolution equipment before contacting you and it is illegible thus preventing me from commenting on this aspect of the evidence pack in any meaningful way. But as I’m only the appellant that clearly doesn’t matter to you.

I request that the Lead Adjudicator reviews this complaint and confirms whether these failures are acknowledged and whether any internal action will be taken to address the assessor’s conduct?

I do not expect the decision to be reversed, as POPLA clearly looks to support the parking companies regardless of the facts.

However this decision has so fundamentally misapplied the legislation and process that I look forward to bringing it to the attention of the Court at a later date, as this claim will be rigorously defended.
Title: Re: Parking Eye - disputing that a notice was issued under PoFA 2012.
Post by: b789 on July 16, 2025, 11:23:57 pm
An update on the back of a rejection from POPLA. The operators evidence pack includes the comment that “Please be advised, this Parking Charge was not issued under the Protection of Freedoms Act 2012.

The decision was issued on 27 June by Ellie Appleton and says;-

After reviewing the parking operator’s evidence... the operator has confirmed that the charge was not issued under Protection of Freedoms Act 2012.

In this case, the PCN in question has the necessary information and the parking operator has therefore successfully transferred the liability onto the registered keeper and I am satisfied the operator has complied with PoFA.

Of course you lodge a formal complaint with POPLA. I would suggest you also get your MP involved.

Luckily, a POPLA decision is not binding on you. Come back when you receive a Letter of Claim (LoC). This would never make it as far as a hearing.

Come back when you
Title: Re: Parking Eye - disputing that a notice was issued under PoFA 2012.
Post by: Kharas1 on July 15, 2025, 02:08:37 pm
An update on the back of a rejection from POPLA. The operators evidence pack includes the comment that “Please be advised, this Parking Charge was not issued under the Protection of Freedoms Act 2012.”

The decision was issued on 27 June by Ellie Appleton and says;-

Assessor summary of operator case
The parking operator issued the parking charge notice (PCN) for remaining at the car park for longer than the authorised stay

Assessor summary of your case
The appellant raised the following points from their grounds of appeal:
 • ParkingEye's Notice to Keeper fails to comply with PoFA
 • ParkingEye cannot assume the keeper was the driver
 • No valid contract has been formed due to inadequate and unclear signage
 • No evidence of a valid and current landowner authority, they reference Section 7.1.3 of the Single Code of Practice

After reviewing the parking operator’s evidence, the appellant reiterates their grounds of appeal. They are the registered keeper of the vehicle, and the operator has confirmed that the charge was not issued under Protection of Freedoms Act 2012. They reiterate how the operator has failed to comply with PoFA. (No we did not - complete misrepresentation of the response to operators evidence as that used the wording provided previously on page 1 of the thread)

Assessor supporting rational for decision
When assessing an appeal, POPLA considers if the parking operator issued the parking charge notice correctly and if the driver complied with the terms and conditions for the use of the car park on the day.

The appellant has stated in their appeal that the operator’s Notice to Keeper fails to comply with PoFA, and that they cannot assume the keeper was the driver on the day of the contravention. The Protection of Freedoms Act (PoFA) 2012 is a law that allows parking operators to transfer the liability to the registered keeper in the event that the driver or hirer is not identified. Parking operators have to follow certain rules including warning the registered keeper that they will be liable if the parking operator is not provided with the name and address of the driver.

In this case, the PCN in question has the necessary information and the parking operator has therefore successfully transferred the liability onto the registered keeper and I am satisfied the operator has complied with PoFA.

The parking operator provided evidence of the signs on the car park, which advise that a £100 PCN will be issued to drivers who remain at the car park for longer than the authorised stay. The appellant stated in their appeal that no valid parking contract has been formed due to inadequate and unclear signage. The Private Parking Sector Single Code of Practice (The Code) sets the standards its parking operators are required to comply with. Section 3.1.3 of the Single Code of Practice contains the requirements for signs displaying the terms and conditions. The signs must be placed throughout the site, so that drivers have the opportunity to read them when parking or leaving their vehicle. The terms and conditions must be clear and unambiguous, using a font and contrast that is be conspicuous and legible. From further reviewing the signs, along with the site map also provided, I am satisfied the operator has complied with Section 3.1.3 of The Code, as the signs provided show that there is maximum stay of 1 hour 30 minutes, this is also shown in large, bold writing to make motorists aware.

The rest of the terms are also in a clear and unambiguous state, I am satisfied they are clear enough for motorists to view both in and out of the vehicle. It is up to motorists to seek out these signs and read them to ensure they are compliant with the terms that have been set out on the site. In terms of no valid contract being formed, the operator provided a copy of the PCN which confirms the appellant spent 1 hour 47 minutes at the car park. Due to the time frame of this, I am satisfied they have gained utility of this site and have therefore agreed to the terms that have been set out, whether the signs were read or not. Should the driver not have agreed to the terms, they should have left the site and found alternative parking.

The appellant has stated in their appeal that there is no evidence of landowner authority and reference Section 7.1.3 of The Code. Section 14.1 of the Code references to the landowner and sets out the expectations from this. It states that where controlled land is being managed on behalf of a landowner, written confirmation must be obtained before a parking charge can be issued. In this case, the copy of the agreement sent meets the standards required by POPLA. Based on the agreement presented, along with the camera technology and signage erected within the car park itself, I am satisfied the operator has permission from the landowner to manage and issue PCN's on the land when a breach of the advertised terms are observed. After considering the evidence from both parties, the motorist remained at the car park for longer than the authorised stay and therefore did not comply with the terms and conditions of the site. As such, I am satisfied the parking charge has been issued correctly and I must refuse the appeal. POPLA is not involved with the financial aspect of the parking charge. For any queries regarding payments, the appellant will need to contact the parking operator directly.

So while we await the stream of pointless debt collection correspondence I’m turning our attention to other aspects of this and seeking advice as to whether;-

1. Clearly the POPLA examiner is either incompetent or so desperate to side with the parking company that they are ignoring the facts - so should we be complaining to POPLA ( I know they won’t change their decision) - interestingly when the operator uploaded their evidence the RK responded to POPLA to say that the contract provided to show their entitlement to issue notices on that land was illegible and asking them to get a further copy uploaded. Their response said;-
“We are unable to request the parking operator to resend the evidence again. We have viewed the evidence, and while we agree it is slightly out of focus due to it being a screenshot, it is readable”. Absolutely not true and further evidence of favouring the operator?

2. Is there grounds to complain to DVLA as regards the use to which the data has been put as there was no intention to xfer liability under PoFA 2012?

Time to fill now before we return for advice about the final leg towards discontinuance so if there is anywhere else it is worth complaining to, your collective thoughts are much appreciated.
Title: Re: Parking Eye - disputing that a notice was issued under PoFA 2012.
Post by: Kharas1 on May 24, 2025, 03:18:24 pm
The reply was made to POPLA at the beginning of the month and I’ll update once we have a response, although their initial acknowledgment suggested that could be six weeks away.

For me that raises the interesting question about just how many recipients of these Notices we would have to persuade and support through the appeals process to get POPLA to a point where it struggles to function and dries up the Parking Companies revenue stream.

I guess that remains a bit of a pipe dream but we can but hope.
Title: Re: Parking Eye - disputing that a notice was issued under PoFA 2012.
Post by: b789 on April 30, 2025, 07:21:33 pm
An unsuccessful POPLA decision is not "bad". It is not binding on the appellant and has absolutely no bearing on anything going forwards. Your friend should not pay just because POPLA does not agree with their argument.
Title: Re: Parking Eye - disputing that a notice was issued under PoFA 2012.
Post by: DWMB2 on April 30, 2025, 05:13:37 pm
If I were you, I'd use b789's proposed reply verbatim. I don't think any protracted debate about whether or not a 'Parking Charge Notice' is defined alters much - your friend has received a notice regarding a parking charge. I personally don't see any issue with referring to it as a parking charge notice.
Title: Re: Parking Eye - disputing that a notice was issued under PoFA 2012.
Post by: Kharas1 on April 30, 2025, 04:48:52 pm
Thank you both for your recent thoughts which have been interesting to read and I’m really grateful to everyone who has commented on the post to provide guidance and support.

The most recent views offer an interesting comparison but seem to me to fundamentally be going in the same direction albeit with differing levels of proposed detail and perhaps emphasis, in the response.

I’ll use this to draw together a reply for my friend and update later as to the outcome at POPLA, as if it goes badly I’m likely to be back at some point for help in whatever stage comes next.
Title: Re: Parking Eye - disputing that a notice was issued under PoFA 2012.
Post by: H C Andersen on April 30, 2025, 09:06:23 am
Point taken, it's a deduction not a fact.

Either way, it doesn't need War and Peace as in the OP's post.

IMO, it also shouldn't end with ....'Parking Charge Notice cancelled'.

As this has nothing to do with PoFA, then all that applies is the CoP - the Administration of Justice Act can wait until the Micky Mouse arrangements cease.

But the CoP doesn't define or even refer to a 'Parking Charge Notice'.

And so this farce will continue until the Government intervenes.



Title: Re: Parking Eye - disputing that a notice was issued under PoFA 2012.
Post by: DWMB2 on April 29, 2025, 10:07:03 pm
'Liability for the driver' cannot be disputed IMO because the keeper wasn't there.
As a general point, I struggle to agree with that. The keeper not being present does not prevent them from having relevant knowledge as to the circumstances of the case (by, for example, speaking to the driver). We also don't know that the keeper wasn't there. Unless the car has only one seat, it is entirely possible that someone who was not the driver could have been present at the time (although I would generally not suggest that they were, lest it be used to draw adverse inference).

In this case however, I'm not sure any prolonged discussion of the minutiae of the above as a general point will be of benefit to the OP.

b789's suggested wording seems to cover the relevant point that the keeper cannot be liable, and cuts through the irrelevance contained within ParkingEye's evidence pack. It also does not seem to be at odds with your recommendation of maintaining 'distance'.
Title: Re: Parking Eye - disputing that a notice was issued under PoFA 2012.
Post by: H C Andersen on April 29, 2025, 09:23:30 pm
The parking charge relates to the driver, not the keeper.

Parking Charge Notice is neither a PoFA nor a Code of Practice-defined term. In any event, PoFA is not engaged.

Outside PoFA, the creditor may pursue the driver in any manner permitted/prescribed by their Code of Practice and the Administration of Justice Act.

'Liability for the driver' cannot be disputed IMO because the keeper wasn't there. The more the RK associates themselves with the circumstances at the time, the more they suggest their own involvement.

As regards the RK:

Distance yourself.

I am the RK.
I don't know whether the driver is liable to the creditor for a parking charge.

In any event, as the keeper I have no liability because, by their own admission, the creditor is not seeking to engage the provisions of the P...of Free...Act.neither have they presented evidence that I am the driver.





Title: Re: Parking Eye - disputing that a notice was issued under PoFA 2012.
Post by: b789 on April 29, 2025, 08:02:53 pm
Just tell your friend to copy and paste this into the POPLA webform for the response to the operators evidence:

Quote
The operator has made it clear in their evidence pack: “Please be advised, this Parking Charge was not issued under the Protection of Freedoms Act 2012.”

Step one in assessing any appeal against a Parking Charge issued to a registered keeper is to check whether the operator has complied with the Protection of Freedoms Act 2012 (Schedule 4) and created keeper liability. In this case, there is no need to check compliance because the operator has admitted that they are not relying on the Protection of Freedoms Act 2012.

Step two is to consider whether the registered keeper can be liable in the absence of the Protection of Freedoms Act 2012. The answer is no. A keeper can only be liable under the specific conditions of that legislation, and where those conditions have not been met (or not relied upon), only the driver can be pursued.

The appellant, who is the registered keeper, has declined to identify the driver, as there is no legal obligation on them to do so to an unregulated private parking company.

Therefore, there is no lawful basis to hold the keeper liable. No Protection of Freedoms Act. No driver identified. No liability for the keeper.

There is nothing further that needs to be considered in this appeal. The Parking Charge Notice must be cancelled.
Title: Re: Parking Eye - disputing that a notice was issued under PoFA 2012.
Post by: H C Andersen on April 29, 2025, 07:45:12 pm
OP, tell your friend to step back, take a deep breath and think!

An alternative view:

Why such complexity about what is a very, very simple issue baffles me?

The driver is liable if anyone is.
The RK, who is the 'appellant', has not admitted to being the driver.

So, what is the RK appealing??

There is NO role for POPLA as regards PoFA, because it's not being relied upon, so what exactly is the RK asking of the assessor?


Therefore ALL that counts is WHAT in PE's submission is substantive evidence that the appellant was the driver? It can't or shouldn't be to cancel the parking charge because this is between the creditor and the driver ONLY and the RK asserts they weren't the driver, therefore it has nothing to do with them factually or legally.

Frankly, the more a RK goes on about matters which, because they weren't the driver would not be known to them contemporaneously, baffles me.

This has nothing to do with 'cancelling the charge' because this is not a relevant consideration for the RK because the creditor has elected to NOT exercise the right to hold the RK liable.

I am the RK. I am appealing as the RK. I made submissions to the creditor as such.

The creditor hasn't offered any evidence that they have a claim against the appellant therefore, in as much as it has any relevance, the assessor should direct the creditor to cease any enforcement against the appellant in person.
Title: Re: Parking Eye - disputing that a notice was issued under PoFA 2012.
Post by: jfollows on April 29, 2025, 05:16:23 pm
Docs are fine, thanks, and dates weren’t the reason for not using the provisions of PoFA.

It’s not clear to me why they didn’t include the PoFA words.

Their follow-up letter trying to get you to name the driver is boilerplate from them, we usually see it. Again, because it costs them little to send and enough people feel intimidated into doing what they want.

Anyway, my suggestion in the post above stands, you need to lead POPLA by the nose sometimes, second and third paragraphs in my post paraphrased as you want.
Title: Re: Parking Eye - disputing that a notice was issued under PoFA 2012.
Post by: Kharas1 on April 29, 2025, 05:01:27 pm
Does this link work to some images of the docs?

The final 10 pages or so are screen shots of the Parking Eye evidence uploaded to POPLA. They are all I’ve been able to get hold of at this stage. 

The only reference to it not being issued under PoFA is on the final image.

Thanks to all who have responded so far and hope this helps.

https://imgur.com/a/fwVkcQq?s=fbm

This is the actual wording used in the appeal to POPLA

As the registered keeper, this is an appeal against the Parking Charge Notice (PCN) issued by ParkingEye for an alleged breach of the terms and conditions in McDonalds, KFC,Costa Stourbridge, on 20th February 2025.

For the avoidance of doubt, the driver’s identity has not been provided and this appeal remains purely from the registered keeper.

Summary of appeal:

1. ParkingEye’s Notice to Keeper Fails to Comply with PoFA – There is No Keeper Liability
2. ParkingEye Cannot Assume the Keeper was the Driver
3. No Valid Contract Formed – Inadequate and Unclear Signage
4. No Evidence of Valid and Current Landowner Authority


1. ParkingEye’s Notice to Keeper Fails to Comply with PoFA – There is No Keeper Liability

ParkingEye claims that their Notice to Keeper (NtK) has been issued in accordance with Schedule 4 of the Protection of Freedoms Act 2012 (PoFA). However, a close analysis of the notice demonstrates that it is not fully compliant with PoFA, and since compliance must be absolute for Keeper liability to apply, this means the operator has no legal basis to pursue the Keeper for the charge.

It either fully complies with ALL statutory requirements, or it does not—and in this case, it does not.

The two primary failures of PoFA compliance in this NtK are:

(i) Failure to Include a Mandatory Invitation for the Keeper to Pay (PoFA 9(2)(e)(i))

PoFA Schedule 4, Paragraph 9(2)(e)(i) states that a Notice to Keeper must:

“state that the creditor does not know both the name of the driver and a current address for service for the driver and invite the keeper (A) to pay the unpaid parking charges; or (B) if the keeper was not the driver of the vehicle, to provide the creditor with a statement.”

However, this NtK does not include an explicit invitation for the Keeper to pay the charge. Instead, it merely states that:

• If the Keeper was not the driver, they should provide the driver’s details.
• The Keeper should pass the notice to the driver.

This omission is crucial because PoFA does not allow for any inferred obligation on the Keeper to pay the charge. The law requires an explicit invitation to do so. ParkingEye’s NtK does not contain such an invitation, meaning it fails to FULLY comply with PoFA. Since the statutory test is absolute (full) compliance, this failure alone voids Keeper liability.

(ii) Contradictory and Misleading Payment Deadline – PoFA 9(2)(f) and 9(6)

PoFA Schedule 4, Paragraph 9(2)(f) states that an NtK must:

"warn the keeper that if, after the period of 28 days beginning with the day after that on which the notice is given—"

This means the correct timeline for liability and payment under PoFA is:

• The NtK is issued on Day 0.
• It is deemed “given” (received) on Day 2 (two working days later, per PoFA 9(6)).
• The Keeper has 28 full days starting from Day 3 before any liability can arise.

However, the front of the NtK states in large, bold text:

"PARKING CHARGE AMOUNT: £100.00 PAYMENT TO BE MADE WITHIN 28 DAYS OF THE DATE ISSUED."

This is factually incorrect and legally misleading because:

• The demand for payment begins from the issue date, rather than from the day after the date the notice is given.
• The correct timeline under PoFA starts from the day after the notice is given, meaning ParkingEye is demanding payment before it is legally due under PoFA.

This is not a minor mistake. It is a fundamental contradiction that invalidates Keeper liability because ParkingEye’s demand is unlawful and unenforceable under PoFA.

The bold, prominent wording on the front of the NtK is incorrect and in direct contradiction with PPSCoP Section 8.1.2(e), which states:

"The parking operator must ensure that a notice informs the recipient: that if the recipient appeals within 28 days of receiving the parking charge, the right to pay at the rate applicable when the appeal was made must stand for a further 14 days from the date (subject to 8.1.2d) they receive notification that their appeal has been rejected."

By stating "PAYMENT TO BE MADE WITHIN 28 DAYS OF THE DATE ISSUED," ParkingEye’s NtK:

• Misleads the recipient into believing that payment is due earlier than legally required.
• Breaches PPSCoP, invalidating the entire PCN.

Since compliance with PoFA and the PPSCoP must be absolute, this flawed notice cannot be relied upon to transfer liability to the Keeper.


2. ParkingEye Cannot Assume the Keeper was the Driver

Even if ParkingEye had issued a fully PoFA-compliant Notice to Keeper (NtK) (which they have not), they have provided no evidence that the Keeper was the driver on the day in question.

The legal position is clear: keeper liability is entirely separate from driver liability. The PoFA only allows an operator to hold the Keeper liable if the NtK is FULLYcompliant with ALL the requirements of Schedule 4. Since ParkingEye has failed to fully comply with PoFA in multiple ways as shown in section 1 above, the only person who could be liable is the driver.

However, ParkingEye has provided no evidence as to who that driver was.

The Operator Cannot Simply Infer the Keeper was Driving

ParkingEye cannot simply infer or assume that the registered Keeper was the driver. Neither can the POPLA assessor. There is no legal presumption in PoFA or civil contract law that the Keeper and the driver are the same person. PoFA does not place any obligation on the Keeper to disclose the identity of the driver, nor does it allow the operator to transfer liability without either full compliance with PoFA or direct proof of driver identity.

The only way ParkingEye could prove that the Keeper was also the driver is if the Keeper voluntarily admitted to being the driver. The Keeper is under no legal obligation to do so, and in this case, has not done so.

In the persuasive appellate court ruling in VCS v Edward (2023) [H0KF6C9C], HHJ Gargan explicitly stated in his conclusion at paragraph 35.3:

"It is consistent with the appropriate probability analysis whereby simply because somebody is a registered keeper, it does not mean on balance of probability they were driving on this occasion, because one simply cannot tell. For example, there will be companies who are registered keepers of vehicles where many drivers have the use of the vehicle from time to time. There will be individual employers [who] are the registered keeper but who allow a number of people who may drive their vehicles. There may be situations where husband and wife are each registered keepers of their respective vehicles but for some reason drive the other. Or there may be situations where husband/wife is the registered keeper of both family cars and the registered keeper regularly drives one car and their spouse regularly drives the other. These are all possibilities which show that it is not appropriate to draw an inference that, on balance of probability, the registered keeper was driving on any given occasion."

This ruling destroys any argument that ParkingEye or POPLA can simply “infer or assume” on the balance of probability that the Keeper was also the driver. The judgment confirms that there are multiple realistic scenarios in which the Keeper was not the driver, and unless ParkingEye can provide actual evidence (such as a direct admission from the Keeper), no such inference can be drawn.

This ruling has already been relied upon in multiple parking-related cases at the County Court level. If ParkingEye were to escalate this matter to court, they would struggle to argue against this ruling, as it provides a clear, logical, and legally sound analysis of why simply being the Keeper does not equate to being the driver.

Since ParkingEye has failed to establish Keeper liability under PoFA, and the Keeper has not admitted to being the driver, they have no legal basis to pursue the Keeper for this charge.

The appeal must therefore be upheld.


3. No Valid Contract Formed – Inadequate and Unclear Signage

The signage at this car park is unclear, poorly presented, and fails to form a contract in line with ParkingEye Ltd v Beavis [2015] UKSC 67.

• The charge amount is not prominently displayed, and key terms are buried in dense text.
• The Consumer Rights Act 2015 requires contractual terms to be fair and transparent—this signage fails that test.

Since no valid contract can be formed, no charge is payable.


4. No Evidence of Valid and Current Landowner Authority

ParkingEye is put to strict proof that it holds a valid, up-to-date contract with the landowner that grants them the right to issue parking charges at this location.

The burden of proof is on the operator to establish that they have landowner authority, and it is a requirement under the Private Parking Single Code of Practice (PPSCoP), Section 7.1.1, which states:

"The parking operator must have written authority from the landowner (or their appointed agent) that provides clear authorisation to undertake parking management, control, and enforcement (including issuing and enforcing parking charges) on the land in question."

Furthermore, PPSCoP Section 7.1.3 requires that:

"The written authority must include the duration of the contract and any conditions or restrictions placed on parking enforcement and operational activity, including any changes to the terms of parking applicable to drivers."

The key point here is that any changes to the terms and conditions for drivers must be reflected in the landowner contract.

If any changes have occurred, ParkingEye must prove that the landowner contract was amended to reflect these changes. A mere signed witness statement from ParkingEye does not satisfy this requirement. The operator must provide a contemporaneous, unredacted contract that
1. Covers the exact terms in place on the date of the alleged contravention.
2. Explicitly authorises ParkingEye to issue parking charges under the precise terms that appear on the signage.
3. Confirms that the landowner has agreed to any subsequent amendments to the parking conditions.







Title: Re: Parking Eye - disputing that a notice was issued under PoFA 2012.
Post by: jfollows on April 29, 2025, 03:20:31 pm
They can’t infer the RK to have been the driver, unless someone told them so.

So you can note that they’re not trying to use PoFA and therefore the points you made about 9(2)(e)(1) are not being rebutted by them, they simply agree that PoFA doesn’t apply.

So you reiterate your point to POPLA that since Parking Eye are not even attempting to use PoFA, the registered keeper can not be held liable and the ticket should be cancelled.

PoFA has nothing to do with obtaining details of the registered keeper, so don’t go there. It’s about transferring liability from the unknown driver to the known registered keeper, to whom they sent the first notice.

It could be that they sent the notice too late, and knew they couldn’t use PoFA from the start, but just sent the notice knowing that lots of recipients just pay up. But that’s guesswork on my part.

Oh, and they usually reject valid appeals because they know more people pay up rather than using POPLA.
Title: Re: Parking Eye - disputing that a notice was issued under PoFA 2012.
Post by: DWMB2 on April 29, 2025, 03:13:17 pm
It's very hard to offer advice on an appeal when we've only had a summary of the case, and no sight of any actual submissions.

I'm half surprised that ParkingEye haven't thrown in the towel when they realised they had no case to hold the keeper liable under PoFA, so ideally I'd want to see copies of the NtK, the original appeal, the POPLA appeal and ParkingEye's evidence pack.

But, assuming the driver identity has not been disclosed, and ParkingEye have accepted there's no PoFA liability, the appeal should be solid.
Title: Re: Parking Eye - disputing that a notice was issued under PoFA 2012.
Post by: Kharas1 on April 29, 2025, 03:09:48 pm
The NTK doesn’t include a section headed PoFA or similar on the reverse.

So if Parking Eye aren’t trying to transfer liability to the RK using PoFA and don’t know the driver (as the RK has declined to provide driver details on two occasions), they don’t have anyone to pursue to pay their invoice.

I’m left wondering if they are trying to infer that the RK must have been the driver?

Where else can go with this?

I can try and get hold of the documents to upload but hoped to get some initial thoughts given the tight deadline that we face to respond to POPLA, so thank you for the prompt reply.
Title: Re: Parking Eye - disputing that a notice was issued under PoFA 2012.
Post by: jfollows on April 29, 2025, 02:40:00 pm
If the NTK from Parking Eye doesn’t have a section on the reverse “Protection of freedoms act” or similar then they are not trying to use its provisions to transfer liability. They refer to this as “not issued under the Protections of Freedom Act” but that just nonsense, the act exists and can be used or not.

But by saying this, they’re saying that they’re not trying to use PoFA to transfer liability, that’s all. If the driver was named, there would be no need to.

It would help if, as requested, you’d post copies of appropriate documents sent and received. Otherwise, it just looks like they’re agreeing with you.
Title: Parking Eye - disputing that a notice was issued under PoFA 2012.
Post by: Kharas1 on April 29, 2025, 02:26:18 pm
I’m helping someone with their appeal in relation to a PCN from Parking Eye.

We have gone through the appeal process with the Company and received their rejection. The appeal was made by the recipient of the notice who is the RK of the vehicle and clearly states (as does the appeal to POPLA) that the appeal is being made as the RK and declines to name the driver as under no obligation to do so.

This was followed up by the letter from Parking Eye, that paused the appeal and tried to intimidate the RK into naming the driver. This was responded to again declining to name the driver and disputing the assertion from Parking Eye that the original appeal stated that the RK was not the driver.

It is now with POPLA and they have uploaded their evidence and the narrative includes something that I haven’t seen before and was wondering if anyone had seen this and had any thoughts

“ Please be advised, this Parking Charge was not issued under the Protection of Freedoms Act 2012. As such, the appellant’s comments regarding the Parking Charge Notice being issued incorrectly are not relevant in the case.”

The appeal to both Parking Eye and POPLA included reference to both a Failure to Include a Mandatory Invitation for the Keeper to Pay (PoFA 9(2)(e)(i)) and Contradictory and Misleading Payment Deadline – PoFA 9(2)(f) and 9(6).

There is a DVLA complaint ready to go but now on hold pending this developement, as they applied for RK details yet say that PoFA doesn’t apply so how are they entitled to RK details?

We are now in the 7 day period to comment on the uploaded evidence so any help is very welcome.